NEW YORK — Let's face it: Teenagers spend
hours texting, socializing on Facebook and playing video games. And it's
driving their parents nuts.
Sure, there are real dangers associated with all this screen time —
everything from cyberbullying to couch-potato obesity. Not to mention
driving while texting, shortened attention spans and Internet porn.
But many of today's parents spent hours as kids sitting in front of screens too — only they were TV screens.
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Which raises an interesting question: Is Facebook really worse for
teenagers' brains than the mindless reruns of "Gilligan's Island" and
"The Brady Bunch" that their parents consumed growing up?
Douglas Gentile, a child psychologist and associate professor at Iowa
State University in Ames, Iowa, who studies the effects of media on
children, says texting, Facebook and video games are not inherently bad.
Nor are they inherently better or worse than watching TV, although they
do pose different risks, such as cyberbullying.
Missing the shared experience
But research has shown that the more time kids spend in
front of screens — whether it's TV or instant-messaging — the worse
their school performance. "That doesn't mean it's true for every kid,
but it makes sense, that for every hour a kid is playing video games,
it's an hour that they're not doing homework or reading or exploring or
creating," he said.
Gentile calls this the "displacement hypothesis. If screen time is
displacing doing their homework, that's bad. But if their homework is
done, well, so what?"
Story: Preschoolers watching WAY too much TV
Gentile, who admits that his own teenager crossed the "9,000 texts in
one month barrier" last summer, acknowledged that parents are
struggling to adjust to a world in which kids would rather look at words
on a cell phone screen than have a conversation.
"The older generation, it's not their culture," he said. "There is a resistance to it."
Watching TV as a family, as mindless as that experience can be, is
now regarded with nostalgia by parents. If your kid is sitting in the
living room watching "American Idol," you can plop on the sofa with
them, and "it's a shared experience," Gentile said. But if they're
texting or video-chatting with a friend from school, "it's a private
experience. It's like they're whispering secrets. And we find it rude."
Patti Rowlson, a mother of two in Everson, Wash., says this "has been
a topic of discussion in our house for years now." She and her husband
started out limiting TV time when their kids were little, but "then
technology crept in. Cell phones, laptop computers, iPods with Wi-Fi.
We, as parents, were no longer in control of screen time because we
could not even tell when they were using it."
Recounting a struggle that will sound familiar to many parents,
Rowlson said that at first, she and her husband imposed limits on tech
use.
Story: Too much screen time can pscyhologically harm kids
"There were battles and even groundings," along with the confiscation
of iPods, she said. "We were constantly policing and the kids were
constantly getting in trouble. We were trying to fight for the old ways,
and it was causing a lot of stress and tension in the family. It was
ridiculous. So we loosened up. And it's made everybody happier. We were
fighting something that you can't hold back. It's how they communicate
with their peers."
What's been the result? Two good kids, she said. "In the end I'm not
sure if having boundaries early on helped them or made no difference at
all."
Ron Neal, who lives in West L.A., has a teenage daughter who is
"tech-driven and passionate about it. ... I don't know how it's going to
play out, but I don't have this fear and dread about it."
Neal, who admits to watching a lot of "Gilligan's Island" growing up,
added: "We had our minds numbed by TV, and maybe they're looking at
useless things on the Internet or YouTube, but I also think they're
developing a lot of skills through this technology that we could never
comprehend. For my daughter, when she is home, she does have everything
going — the TV, the computer, communicating with friends, and doing the
homework at the same time."
'Multitasking is not really good for anyone'
He admits, though, that there are some frightening aspects
to the dependence today's teenagers have on technology. "They are so
emotionally connected to being tied in with their friends 24 hours a
day, if they get a text, they feel obligated to respond in seconds," he
said. He recalled a group of girls showing up for a birthday party at a
restaurant, and "everyone of them had their head down, texting."
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The explosion in teen screen time is well-documented. A recent
Associated Press-mtvU poll found that one-third of college students use
computers, cell phones or gaming consoles for six or more hours daily. A
Kaiser Family Foundation study published in January found that total
media use among 8- to 18-year-olds, including TV, music, computers,
video games, print and movies has increased from six hours, 21 minutes
daily in 2004 to seven hours, 38 minutes in 2009.
"Try waking a teenager in the morning and the odds are good that
you'll find a cell phone tucked under their pillow," the Kaiser report
said.
The Kaiser study also found that the more time kids spend with media,
the lower their grades and levels of personal contentment are.
Story: YouTube: Everything you'd probably rather not know
Gentile said the impact of screen time on school work can be
mitigated by what he calls "protective factors." Those might include
good teachers and a high-performing school, love of reading, coming from
a family where education is valued, and exposure to experiences that
are culturally and intellectually enriching. "If you had all these
protective factors," said Gentile, "then that one little risk factor
(screen time), who cares?"
He added that surprisingly, the amount of time kids spend watching TV
has not declined precipitously with the popularity of computers and
gaming, but "they don't pay nearly the attention (to TV) that they used
to." The TV might be on, but "they're also instant-messaging, they're on
Facebook, they're texting."
One thing parents should worry about, Gentile said, is the way electronic devices encourage multitasking.
"Multitasking is not really good for anyone," he said. "Your reflexes
speed up, you're quicker to look over your shoulder and notice little
noises or lights. This is not what they need when they get to the
classroom and you're supposed to ignore the kid next to you. Scanning to
see when the next message comes, this may not be good for kids. The
more distractions you have, the worse your performance is." Getting kids
to turn off their phones, iPods, and computers in order to concentrate
on homework and reading, he said, "I think that's a fight worth having."
Bottom line: Never mind that your kid is spending two hours on
Facebook each night. As long as they do their homework without texting
in between math problems, it's probably no better or worse than the
hours you spent watching "Star Trek."