Schools have been closed and
many travel services cancelled ahead of Sandy's arrival
Barack Obama has warned Americans to
take Hurricane Sandy seriously as authorities started shutting down the Eastern
Seaboard ahead of its arrival.
Several states have declared emergencies, with tens of millions of people affected as schools are closed and transport services suspended.
Experts fear Sandy may become a super-storm when it makes landfall later.
Some election rallies have been called off, with Mr Obama warning affected citizens to hunker down.
International travel has been badly affected. Air France, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic grounded Monday's transatlantic flights to and from East Coast cities, including New York, Baltimore, Newark, Washington, Boston and Philadelphia.
Full moon
At 23:00 EDT (03:00 GMT on Monday), the eye of the storm was about 470 miles (760km) south-east of New York City, according to the National Hurricane Center.
With winds of 75mph, Hurricane Sandy, dubbed "Frankenstorm", is expected to bring a "life-threatening" surge flood to the Mid-Atlantic coast, including Long Island Sound and New York Harbour.
Sandbags in New York. Visitors
will have to wait to see the newly-reopened Statue of Liberty The winds are expected to strengthen when Sandy makes landfall anywhere between Virginia and southern New England on Monday.
The prospect of merging with a wintry storm coming from the west during a full moon has many fearing dangerous high tides.
The storm is some 520 miles (835km) across. It is also very slow, moving north-east at just 15mph, and could linger over as many as 12 states for 24-36 hours, bringing up to 25cm of rain, 60cm of snow, extreme storm surges and power cuts.
States of emergency have been declared in Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington DC and a coastal county in North Carolina.
“Start Quote
End QuoteThis gives Barack Obama a chance to appear above politics and to look presidential - but any failure would be magnified, and problems tend to get blamed on the president”
The two presidential election contenders have modified
their campaign engagements, with Mitt Romney pulling out of an event in Virginia
and Mr Obama cancelling rallies in Virginia and Colorado.
The president has pulled out of a Monday event in Ohio - considered a key swing state - in order to return to Washington monitor the storm - although he is still set to attend a rally with former President Bill Clinton in Florida earlier on Monday.
Visiting the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Fema) in Washington on Sunday, Mr Obama vowed his government would "respond big and respond fast" after Sandy had passed.
Liberty delayed
Amtrak has started suspending passenger train services across the north-eastern US and air travel has been badly hit, with some 6,800 flights cancelled.
New York City's subway, bus and train services were suspended from 19:00 (23:00 GMT) on Sunday, and schools will be shut on Monday.
With predicted storm surges of up to 11ft, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered 375,000 people in the city's vulnerable low-lying areas to leave their homes.
"If you don't evacuate you're not just putting your own life in danger, you are also endangering lives of our first responders who would have to rescue you," he said.
BBC Weather: Hurricane Sandy
forecast
The Statue of Liberty was reopened on Sunday after a year of renovation, but only a group of army cadets got a tour before it was shut again until at least Wednesday.
Some 200 National Guardsmen will patrol Manhattan and 300 more will be deployed in Long Island.
The New York Stock Exchange will be fully closed on Monday, its operator said, and possibly on Tuesday as well.
It had earlier said electronic transactions would be possible but on Sunday announced it was closing fully because "the dangerous conditions developing as a result of Hurricane Sandy will make it extremely difficult to ensure the safety of our people and communities".
Similar precautions were taken last year as Hurricane Irene approached the East Coast. It killed more than 40 people from North Carolina to Maine and caused an estimated $10bn (£6bn) worth of damage.
'Get out'
Fema has warned the threat extends well inland from the coast, and has issued safety tips for how to cope with the hurricane.
“Start Quote
End QuoteRomney's enforced absence from the Atlantic coast has been turned by his team to his best advantage”
Blustery winds were already being felt in New York on
Sunday night and the anxiety felt on the streets indicated that residents were
taking city orders seriously and with haste, says the BBC's Matt Danzico in
Manhattan.
In New Jersey, Governor Chris Christie confirmed a swathe of mandatory evacuations, told civil servants to stay at home on Monday and said the casinos in Atlantic City had closed.
"The weather will turn ugly [on Monday] and we want everyone off the roads," he said.
"Don't be stupid. Get out. Don't try to be a hero and act as if nothing is going on here."
New Jersey authorities expect very significant flooding, with three increasingly high tides on Monday, possibly creating surges of 13-14ft - the worst since 1903, authorities said.
Sandy has already killed 60 people in the Caribbean during the past week.
Source:BBC